Ii-apps, iincwadi, iimuvi, umculo, iinkqubo zeTV, kunye nobugcisa bukhuthaza abona bantu bayila kakhulu kwishishini kule nyanga.
Iqela eliphumelele ibhaso leentatheli, abaqulunqi, kunye nabathwebuli bevidiyo ababalisa amabali ebhrendi ngeLens yeNkampani ekhawulezayo.
Ukukhwela elunxwemeni kudala kuyinxalenye yobomi babantu baseziqiwini.Kumda osemazantsi-ntshona weScarp, isiqithi esincinane, esingenamithi kunxweme lwaseHarris kwiOuter Hebrides yaseSkotlani, iMol Mòr (“unxweme olukhulu”) kulapho abantu basekuhlaleni babesiya kuqokelela amaplanga okulungisa izakhiwo nokwenza ifenitshala neebhokisi.Namhlanje kusekho i-driftwood eninzi, kodwa ininzi okanye iplastiki eninzi.
I-Scarp yashiywa ngo-1972. Isiqithi ngoku sisetyenziswa kuphela ehlotyeni ngabanini benani elincinci lezindlu zeeholide.Kodwa kulo lonke elaseHarris kunye neeHebrides, abantu bayaqhubeka nokusebenzisa ngokubonakalayo kunye nokuhombisa izinto zeplastiki ezibekwe elunxwemeni.Amakhaya amaninzi aya kuba neebhuoy ezimbalwa kunye neetrawler ezidadayo ezijinga kwiicingo nakwimigubasi yesango.Umbhobho wePVC weplastiki emnyama, ofumaneka kakhulu kwiifama zeentlanzi ezonakaliswe ziziphango, uhlala usetyenziselwa ukuhambisa amanzi endledlana yeenyawo okanye uzaliswe ngekhonkrithi kwaye usetyenziswe njengeepali zocingo.Umbhobho omkhudlwana unokwahlulwa ngobude ukwenza iinqanawa zokuxheshisela iinkomo zasezintabeni ezidumileyo.
Intambo kunye nesefu zisetyenziswa njengezithinteli-moya okanye ukuthintela ukhukuliseko lomhlaba.Abemi abaninzi besiqithi basebenzisa iibhokisi zeentlanzi—iibhokisi ezinkulu zeplastiki ezihlanjwe elunxwemeni—ukuze bazigcine.Kwaye kukho ishishini lobugcisa elincinane elibuyisela izinto ezifunyenweyo njengezikhumbuzo zabakhenkethi, lijika iplastiki yeplastiki ibe yiyo nantoni na ukusuka kwisondlo seentaka ukuya kumaqhosha.
Kodwa oku kugatywa elunxwemeni, ukurisayikilisha, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwezinto ezinkulu zeplastiki akukhumbuli nomphezulu wengxaki.Amaqhekeza amancinci eplastiki ekunzima ukuwaqokelela kunokwenzeka ukuba angene kwikhonkco lokutya okanye atsalwe emva elwandle.Izaqhwithi ezinqumle elunxwemeni lomlambo zihlala zityhila igeology yeplastiki eyothusayo, enemigangatho yamaqhekeza eplastiki emhlabeni iinyawo eziliqela ngaphantsi komhlaba.
Iingxelo ezibonisa ubungakanani bongcoliseko lweplastiki kwiilwandlekazi zehlabathi ziye zasasazeka kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo.Uqikelelo lwesixa seplastiki engena elwandle nyaka ngamnye sisusela kwi-8 yezigidi zeetoni ukuya kwi-12 lezigidi zeetoni, nangona kungekho ndlela yokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo oku.
Asiyongxaki intsha: Omnye wabemi besi siqithi ochithe iminyaka engama-35 eholideyini eScarp uthe izinto ezahlukeneyo ezifunyenwe eMol Mòr ziye zehla ukusukela oko isiXeko saseNew York sayeka ukulahla inkunkuma elwandle ngo-1994. ngaphezulu kokuhambelana nokunyuka kobuninzi: Inkqubo ye-BBC Radio 4 i-Costing the Earth yabika ngo-2010 ukuba inkunkuma yeplastiki kwiilwandle iphindwe kabini ukususela ngo-1994.
Ukwanda kolwazi ngeplastiki yaselwandle kubangele iinzame zasekuhlaleni zokugcina iilwandle zicocekile.Kodwa inani lokulahla eliqokelelweyo libeka umbuzo wento yokwenza ngayo.Ifoto yeplastiki yolwandle iyawohloka ngokuchanabeka ixesha elide kukukhanya kwelanga, ngamanye amaxesha ikwenza kube nzima ukuyichonga, kwaye kunzima ukuyiphinda isetyenziswe njengoko ingcoliswe yityuwa kwaye ihlala ikhula phezu kobomi bolwandle.Ezinye iindlela zokurisayikilisha zingaphumelela kuphela ngomlinganiselo ophezulu we-10% yeplastiki yolwandle ukuya kwi-90% yeplastiki evela kwimithombo yasekhaya.
Amaqela asekuhlaleni ngamanye amaxesha asebenza kunye ukuqokelela izixa ezikhulu zeplastiki kwiilwandle, kodwa kumagunya asekuhlaleni umceli mngeni yindlela yokujongana nemathiriyeli eyingxaki ekunzima okanye engenakwenzeka ukuba isetyenziswe kwakhona.Enye indlela yitiphu ngexabiso le-$100 ngetoni nganye yomrhumo.Umhlohli kunye nomenzi wezacholo uKathy Vones kunye nam savavanya ukubanakho ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iplastiki yolwandle njengemathiriyeli ekrwada kubashicileli be-3D, eyaziwa ngokuba yifilament.
Umzekelo, i-polypropylene (PP) inokucolwa phantsi kwaye yenziwe lula, kodwa kufuneka ixutywe i-50:50 kunye ne-polylactide (PLA) ukugcina ukuhambelana okufunwa ngumshicileli.Ukuxuba iintlobo zeplastiki ezinjengalezi linyathelo elibuyela umva, ngengqiqo yokuba ziba nzima ngakumbi ukuzisebenzisa kwakhona, kodwa oko thina kunye nabanye sifunda ngokuphanda izinto ezintsha ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwizinto eziphathekayo kunokusivumela ukuba sithathe amanyathelo amabini phambili kwixesha elizayo.Ezinye iiplastiki zolwandle ezifana ne-polyethylene terephthalate (PET) kunye ne-high-density polyethelene (HDPE) nazo zifanelekile.
Enye indlela endiyijongileyo yayikukunyibilikisa intambo ye-polypropylene phezu komlilo kwaye ndiyisebenzise kumatshini wokubumba ophuculweyo.Kodwa obu buchule buneengxaki zokugcina ngokuchanekileyo ubushushu obuchanekileyo, kunye nomsi oyityhefu ngokunjalo.
Umqambi waseDatshi iBoyan Slat's iprojekthi yokuCoca uLwandle ibe namabhongo ngakumbi, ijolise ekufumaneni kwakhona i-50% yePatch yeNkunkuma yePasifiki enkulu kwiminyaka emihlanu ngenethi enkulu exhonywe kwi-inflatable boom ebamba iplastiki kwaye iyitsale kwiqonga lokuqokelela.Nangona kunjalo, iprojekthi iye yangena ebunzimeni, kwaye kuyo nayiphi na imeko iya kuqokelela kuphela amaqhekeza amakhulu kumphezulu.Kuqikelelwa ukuba uninzi lweplastiki yolwandle ngamasuntswana angaphantsi kwe-1 mm ngobukhulu axhonywe kuluhlu lwamanzi, kunye neplastiki eninzi ezika emgangathweni wolwandle.
Oku kuya kufuna izisombululo ezintsha.Ukususa izixa ezikhulu zeplastiki kokusingqongileyo yingxaki ekhathazayo eya kuba nathi kangangeenkulungwane.Sidinga iinzame ezidibeneyo zezopolitiko kunye namashishini kunye neengcamango ezintsha-zonke zingekho ngoku.
U-Ian Lambert ngunjingalwazi onxulumene noyilo kwiYunivesithi yase-Edinburgh Napier.Eli nqaku liphinde lapapashwa kwiNcoko phantsi kwelayisensi yeCreative Commons.Funda inqaku lokuqala.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-30-2019