Ziziphi izithako ezifihlakeleyo ezenza ukuba inkqubo yaseDatshi ilunge kakhulu xa kuziwa kulawulo lwenkunkuma kunye nokuhlaziywa kwakhona?
Ziziphi izithako ezifihlakeleyo ezenza ukuba inkqubo yaseDatshi ilunge kakhulu xa kuziwa kulawulo lwenkunkuma kunye nokuhlaziywa kwakhona?Kwaye ngoobani iinkampani ezikhokelayo?I-WMW ijonge...
Enkosi kubume bayo bolawulo lwenkunkuma olukumgangatho ophezulu, iNetherlands iyakwazi ukuphinda isetyenziselwe inkunkuma engekho ngaphantsi kwe-64% – kwaye uninzi lwentsalela lutshiselwe ukuvelisa umbane.Ngenxa yoko, yipesenti encinane kuphela ephelela kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma.Kumhlaba wokurisayikilisha eli lilizwe elikhethekileyo.
Indlela yamaDatshi ilula: kuphephe ukudala inkunkuma kangangoko, buyisela izinto ezixabisekileyo ekrwada kuyo, ukuvelisa amandla ngokutshisa inkunkuma eshiyekileyo, kwaye emva koko ulahle okushiyekileyo - kodwa wenze oko ngendlela ehambelana nokusingqongileyo.Le ndlela-eyaziwa ngokuba 'yiLansink's Ladder' emva kweLungu lePalamente yaseDatshi eyayiphakamisayo - yabandakanywa kumthetho wamaDatshi ngo-1994 kwaye yenza isiseko 'solawulo lwenkunkuma' kwi-European Waste Framework Directive.
Uphando olwenziwa kwi-TNT Post luveze ukuba ukwahlula inkunkuma yeyona ndlela idumileyo yokusingqongileyo phakathi kwabantu baseDatshi.Ngaphezulu kwe-90% yabantu baseDatshi bahlula inkunkuma yasekhaya.I-Synovate/Udliwano-ndlebe i-NSS yenza udliwano-ndlebe nabathengi abangaphezu kwama-500 malunga nokwazisa kwabo ngokusingqongileyo kuphando lwe-TNT Post.Ukucima impompo ngelixa uxukuxa amazinyo ibiyeyesibini eyona milinganiselo idumileyo (ama-80% abantu ebekubuzwa imibuzo nabo) elandelwa kukuthoba thermostat 'iqondo okanye ezimbini' (75%).Ukufakela izihluzi zekhabhoni kwiimoto kunye nokuthenga iimveliso zebhayoloji kwenzeka ngokudibeneyo ezantsi koluhlu.
Ukunqongophala kwendawo kunye nokuqonda okukhulayo kokusingqongileyo kunyanzelise urhulumente waseDatshi ukuba athathe amanyathelo kwangethuba ukunciphisa ukugcwala kwenkunkuma.Oku kuthe kwanika iinkampani ithemba lokutyala imali kwizisombululo ezinobungani nokusingqongileyo.'Singawanceda amazwe aqalisayo ngoku ukwenza olu hlobo lotyalo-mali ukuphepha iimpazamo esizenzileyo,' utsho uDick Hoogendoorn, umlawuli we-Dutch Waste Management Association (DWMA).
I-DMA ikhuthaza umdla weenkampani ezingama-50 ezibandakanyekayo ekuqokeleleni, ekusetyenzisweni ngokutsha, ekusetyenzweni, ekufakeni umgquba, ekutshiseni nasekuzaliseni inkunkuma.Amalungu ombutho asusela kwiinkampani ezincinci, ezisebenza kwingingqi ukuya kwiinkampani ezinkulu ezisebenza kwihlabathi jikelele.UHoogendoorn uqhelene nezinto ezisebenzayo kunye nezomgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo lwenkunkuma, esebenze zombini kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMpilo, uCwangciso lweSithuba kunye nokusiNgqongileyo, nanjengomlawuli wenkampani elungisa inkunkuma.
I-Netherlands inendawo eyodwa 'yolawulo lwenkunkuma'.Iinkampani zamaDatshi zinobugcisa bokufumana eyona iphezulu kwinkunkuma yazo ngendlela ekrelekrele nezinzileyo.Le nkqubo yokucingela phambili yolawulo lwenkunkuma yaqala ngeminyaka yoo-1980 xa ulwazi malunga nesidingo sezinye iindlela endaweni yokulahla inkunkuma yaqala ukukhula kwangethuba kunakwamanye amazwe.Bekukho ukunqongophala kweendawo zokulahla ezinokubakho kunye nokwanda kolwazi lokusingqongileyo phakathi koluntu ngokubanzi.
Izichaso ezininzi malunga neendawo zokulahla inkunkuma - ivumba, ungcoliseko lomhlaba, ukungcoliseka kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba - kukhokelele iPalamente yaseDatshi ukuba iphumeze isindululo esazisa indlela ezinzileyo yolawulo lwenkunkuma.
Akukho mntu unokudala imarike yokusetyenzwa kwenkunkuma ngokunyusa ulwazi.Eyona nto ibonakalise ukuba yiyona nto ithatha isigqibo eNetherlands, uHoogendoorn uthi, yayiyimigaqo ephunyezwe ngurhulumente efana ne'Lansink's Ladder'.Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, iithagethi zokurisayikilishwa zaye zamiselwa kwimijelo eyahlukeneyo yenkunkuma, efana nenkunkuma ephilayo, inkunkuma eyingozi kunye nenkunkuma yokwakha kunye nokudilizwa.Ukwazisa irhafu kwitoni nganye yezinto ezilahlwayo kwakungundoqo njengoko kwanika iinkampani ezilungisa inkunkuma inkuthazo ukuba zikhangele ezinye iindlela - ezinje ngokutshisa nokurisayikilisha - kuba ngoku bezinomtsalane ngakumbi ngokwembono yezemali.
'Imarike yenkunkuma yenziweyo kakhulu,' utsho uHoogendoorn.'Ngaphandle kwenkqubo yemithetho nemimiselo yezinto ezilahlwayo isisombululo siya kuba yindawo yokulahla inkunkuma ngaphandle kwedolophu apho yonke inkunkuma isiwa khona.Ngenxa yokuba imilinganiselo yolawulo ebambekayo yasekwa kwasekuqaleni eNetherlands kwakukho amathuba abo benza okungakumbi kunokuqhuba nje iimoto zabo kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma.Iinkampani zokusetyenzwa kwenkunkuma zifuna amathuba ukuze ziphuhlise imisebenzi enengeniso, kwaye inkunkuma ibaleka njengamanzi ukuya kwelona liphantsi – oko kukuthi eyona ndawo inexabiso eliphantsi.Nangona kunjalo, ngezibonelelo ezinyanzelekileyo kunye nezithintelo kunye neerhafu, unokunyanzelisa ibakala elingcono lokusetyenzwa kwenkunkuma.Imarike iya kwenza umsebenzi wayo, ibonelele ukuba kukho umgaqo-nkqubo ongaguqukiyo nothembekileyo.'Inkunkuma yokuzaliswa komhlaba eNetherlands ngoku ixabisa malunga ne-€35 ngetoni nganye, kunye ne-euro eyongezelelweyo engama-87 kwirhafu ukuba inkunkuma inokutsha, nto leyo ibiza kakhulu kunokutshiswa.'Ukutshisa ngequbuliso yenye indlela enomtsalane,' utshilo uHoogendoorn.'Ukuba awunikezeli elo themba kwinkampani etshisa inkunkuma, baya kuthi, "yintoni, ucinga ukuba ndiyaphambana?"Kodwa ukuba babona ukuba urhulumente ubeka imali yabo apho umlomo wabo ukhona, baya kuthi, "Ndingakha isithando somlilo saloo mali."Urhulumente ubeka iiparamitha, sigcwalisa iinkcukacha.'
UHoogendoorn uyazi ngokusuka kumava akhe kolu shishino, kwaye ukuva oko kumalungu akhe, ukuba iinkampani zaseDatshi zokusetyenzwa kwenkunkuma zisoloko zisondelelwa ukuphatha ukuqokelelwa kunye nokusetyenzwa kwenkunkuma kwihlabathi liphela.Oku kubonisa ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente ngumba obalulekileyo.'Iinkampani aziyi kuthi "ewe" ngolo hlobo,' utsho.'Badinga ithemba lokwenza inzuzo kwixesha elide, ngoko baya kuhlala befuna ukwazi ukuba ngaba abaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo banolwazi ngokwaneleyo ukuba inkqubo kufuneka iguqulwe, kwaye ukuba bakulungele ukuguqulela olo lwazi kumthetho, imimiselo kunye nezezimali. imilinganiselo.'Nje ukuba eso sikhokelo senziwe, iinkampani zaseDatshi zinokungena.
Nangona kunjalo, uHoogendoorn ufumanisa kunzima ukuchaza ngokuthe ngqo oko kubandakanya ubuchule benkampani.'Kufuneka ukwazi ukuqokelela inkunkuma – asiyonto onokuyenza leyo njengomsebenzi wokongeza.Ngenxa yokuba kudala siqhuba inkqubo yethu eNetherlands, sinokuwanceda amazwe aqalayo.'
'Awusuki nje ngokusuka kwindawo yokugalela inkunkuma uye kuhlaziyo.Asiyonto nje enokucwangciswa ukusuka kusuku ukuya kolunye ngokuthenga iinqwelo ezintsha ezili-14 zokuqokelela.Ngokuthatha amanyathelo okwandisa ukwahlula kumthombo unokuqinisekisa ukuba inkunkuma encinci nangaphantsi iya kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma.Emva koko kufuneka wazi ukuba uza kwenza ntoni ngemathiriyeli.Ukuba uqokelela iglasi, kufuneka ufumane iplanti yokulungisa iglasi.E-Netherlands, sifunde kabuhlungu ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani na ukuqinisekisa ukuba lonke ikhonkco lolungiselelo alingeni moya.Sadibana nengxaki kwiminyaka eliqela eyadlulayo ngeplastiki: inani elincinane loomasipala laqokelela iplastiki, kodwa kwakungekho khonkco lothutho lwalandelayo ngelo xesha ukuze kuqhutywe oko bekuqokelelweyo.'
Oorhulumente bamazwe angaphandle kunye nentsebenziswano yoluntu-yabucala banokusebenza kunye neefemu zokucebisa zaseDatshi ukuseka isakhiwo esivakalayo.Iinkampani ezifana neRoyal Haskoning, iTebodin, iGrontmij kunye neDHV zithumela ngaphandle ulwazi lwesiDatshi kunye nobuchule kwihlabathi liphela.Njengoko i-Hoogendoorn ichaza: 'Bancedisa ukudala isicwangciso esipheleleyo esichaza imeko yangoku, kunye nendlela yokwandisa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona kunye nokulawulwa kwenkunkuma kunye nokuphelisa ukulahla okuvulekileyo kunye neenkqubo zokuqokelela ezingonelanga.'
Ezi nkampani zilungile ekuvavanyeni ukuba yintoni eyinyani kwaye yintoni engeyiyo.'Konke kumalunga nokudala amathemba, ngoko ke kufuneka uqale wakhe inani leendawo zokulahla ngokhuseleko olwaneleyo lokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yoluntu kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe emva koko uthathe amanyathelo anceda ukukhuthaza ukuphinda kusetyenziswe.'
Iinkampani zamaDatshi kusafuneka ziye phesheya ukuya kuthenga izixhobo zokutshisa, kodwa ubume bolawulo eNetherlands bunike imveliso yokuvelisa esekelwe kubuchule obufana nokuhlela kunye nokwenza umgquba.Iinkampani ezifana neGicom en Orgaworld zithengisa iitonela zokuvundisa kunye nezomisi bebhayoloji kwihlabathi liphela, ngelixa iBollegraaf kunye neBakker Magnetics zikhokela iinkampani zokuhlela.
Njengoko uHoogendoorn echaza ngokufanelekileyo: 'Ezi ngcamango zibukhali zikhona ngenxa yokuba urhulumente uthatha inxalenye yomngcipheko ngokunika inkxaso-mali.'
I-VARInkampani yokurisayikilisha i-VAR yinkokeli kubuchwephesha bokurisayikilisha inkunkuma.UMlawuli uHannet de Vries uthi inkampani ikhula ngesantya esiphezulu.Ukongezwa kwamva nje kukufakelwa kwenkunkuma ephilayo, eyenza umbane kwinkunkuma esekwe kwimifuno.Ufakelo olutsha luxabisa i-11 yezigidi zeerandi.'Ibilutyalo-mali olukhulu kuthi,' utsho uDe Vries.'Kodwa sifuna ukuhlala siphambili kwizinto ezintsha.'
Esi siza sasikade siyindawo yokulahla inkunkuma kamasipala waseVoorst.Inkunkuma yalahlwa apha kwaye iintaba zavela ngokuthe ngcembe.Kwakukho i-crusher kwindawo, kodwa akukho nto yimbi.Ngo-1983 umasipala wawuthengisa umhlaba, ngokwenza njalo udale indawo yokuqala yabucala yokulahla inkunkuma.Kwiminyaka eyalandelayo i-VAR yakhula ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma yaya kutsho kwinkampani ephinda isetyenziswe, ikhuthazwa ngumthetho omtsha owawuvala ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma eyongezelelekileyo.'Bekukho intsebenziswano ekhuthazayo phakathi kukarhulumente waseDatshi kunye neshishini lokusetyenzwa kwenkunkuma,' utshilo uGert Klein, uMphathi we-VAR weNtengiso kunye nePR.'Sikwazile ukwenza ngakumbi nangakumbi kwaye umthetho walungiswa ngokufanelekileyo.Saqhubeka nokuphuhlisa inkampani ngaxeshanye.'Kuphela ziinduli ezisele zikhule njengesikhumbuzo sokuba kwakukho indawo yokulahla inkunkuma kule ndawo.
I-VAR ngoku yinkampani enenkonzo epheleleyo yokurisayikilisha enamacandelo amahlanu: izimbiwa, ukuhlela, i-biogenic, amandla kunye nobunjineli.Esi sakhiwo sisekelwe kuhlobo lwemisebenzi (ukuhlelwa), izinto eziphathwayo (amaminerali, i-biogenic) kunye nemveliso yokugqibela (amandla).Ekugqibeleni, nangona kunjalo, yonke into yehla kwinto enye, utsho uDe Vries.'Sifumana phantse lonke uhlobo lwenkunkuma olungena apha, kubandakanywa inkunkuma yezakhiwo ezixubeneyo kunye nokudilizwa, i-biomass, isinyithi kunye nomhlaba ongcolileyo, kwaye yonke into iyathengiswa emva kokulungiswa - njengegranulate yeplastiki kwishishini, i-compost ephezulu, umhlaba ococekileyo, namandla, ukukhankanya nje imizekelo embalwa.'
'Nokuba umthengi uza nantoni na,' utsho u-De Vries, 'siyayilungisa, siyicocise kwaye siqhube into eshiyekileyo ibe yimathiriyeli entsha enokusebenziseka njengeebhloko zekonkrithi, umhlaba ococekileyo, oguquguqukayo, umgquba wezityalo ezisezimbizeni: izinto ezinokwenzeka azinasiphelo. '
Irhasi yemethane etshayo itsalwa kwindawo yeVAR kwaye abathunywa bamazwe angaphandle - njengeqela lakutshanje elivela eMzantsi Afrika - batyelela rhoqo iVAR.'Babenomdla kakhulu ekutsalweni kwerhasi,' utshilo uDe Vries.'Isixokelelwano semibhobho ezindulini ekugqibeleni sithutha irhasi kwijenereyitha eguqula irhasi ibe ngumbane kwizindlu ezilingana ne-1400.'Kungekudala, ukufakwa kwenkunkuma ephantsi kolwakhiwo kuya kuvelisa umbane, kodwa usuka kwi-biomass endaweni yoko.Iitoni zamasuntswana asekelwe kwimifuno ziya kuvinjwa ioksijini ukuze zenze igesi yemethane ethi iijenereyitha ziziguqule zibe ngumbane.Ufakelo lukhethekile kwaye luya kunceda iVAR ifezekise umnqweno wayo wokuba yinkampani engenamandla ngo-2009.
Abathunywa abatyelela i-VAR beza ikakhulu kwizinto ezimbini, utshilo uGert Klein.'Abakhenkethi abavela kumazwe anenkqubo ephuhliswe kakhulu yokurisayikilisha banomdla kubuchule bethu bale mihla bokwahlula.Abathunywa abavela kumazwe asakhasayo banomdla kakhulu ekuboneni imodeli yethu yeshishini - indawo apho zonke iintlobo zenkunkuma zingena khona - ukusuka kufutshane.Emva koko banomdla kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma enamagquma avaliweyo ngokufanelekileyo ngaphezulu nangaphantsi, kunye nenkqubo yesandi yokukhupha igesi yemethane.Siso eso isiseko, yaye uqhubeka usuka apho.'
E-Bammens e-Netherlands, ngoku akunakwenzeka ukuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni weendawo ezingenazo izikhongozeli zenkunkuma eziphantsi komhlaba, ngakumbi kumbindi wezixeko apho izikhongozeli ezininzi ezingaphezulu komhlaba ziye zathatyathelw’ indawo ziibhokisi zeentsika ezicekethekileyo apho abemi abakhathalele ukusingqongileyo banokubeka khona iphepha, iglasi, izitya zeplastiki Iibhotile ze-PET (i-polyethylene terephthalate).
I-Bammens ivelise imigqomo engaphantsi komhlaba ukusukela ngo-1995. 'Kwakunye nokuthandeka ngakumbi, izikhongozelo zenkunkuma eziphantsi komhlaba zikwacocekile ngakumbi kuba iimpuku azikwazi ukungena kuzo,' utsho uRens Dekkers, osebenza kwintengiso nonxibelelwano.Le nkqubo iyasebenza kuba isikhongozeli ngasinye sinokubamba ukuya kutsho kwi-5m3 yenkunkuma, nto leyo ethetha ukuba inokuthululwa kancinci.
Esona sizukulwana sitsha sinezixhobo zombane.'Umsebenzisi emva koko unikwa ilungelo lokufikelela kwisistim ngendlela yokupasa kwaye unokurhafiswa ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ubeka kangaphi inkunkuma kwisikhongozeli,' utshilo uDekkers.U-Bammens uthumela ngaphandle iinkqubo eziphantsi komhlaba xa eceliwe njengekhithi ekulula ukuzidibanisa phantse kuwo onke amazwe akwiManyano yaseYurophu.
USitaNabani na othenga irekhoda yeDVD okanye iTV ebanzi kwaye ufumana isixa esikhulu seStyrofoam, esiyimfuneko ukukhusela izixhobo.I-Styrofoam (i-polystyrene eyandisiweyo okanye i-EPS), kunye nomthamo omkhulu womoya obanjwe, nayo ineempawu ezintle zokukhusela, yingakho isetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa.ENetherlands iitoni ezili-11,500 (iitoni ezili-10,432) ze-EPS ziyafumaneka ukuze zisetyenziswe ngokuqhubekayo minyaka le.Iprosesa yeNkunkuma uSita uqokelela i-EPS kushishino lolwakhiwo, ngokunjalo nakwizinto zombane, iimpahla ezimhlophe kunye neempahla ezimdaka ngebala.'Siyayiqhekeza ibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci kwaye siyixube kunye ne-Styrofoam entsha, eyenza ukuba i-100% iphinde isetyenziswe ngaphandle kokulahleka komgangatho,' utsho uVincent Mooij waseSita.Olunye usetyenziso olutsha lubandakanya ukudibanisa i-EPS yesandla sesibini kunye nokuyicubungula ibe yi-'Geo-Blocks'.'Ezo ziipleyiti ezinobukhulu ukuya kutsho kwiimitha ezintlanu ngemitha enye ezisetyenziswa njengeziseko zendlela endaweni yesanti,' utsho uMooij.Le nkqubo ilungile kokubini kokusingqongileyo kunye nokuhamba.Iipleyiti ze-Geo-Block zisetyenziswa kwamanye amazwe, kodwa i-Netherlands kuphela kwelizwe apho i-Styrofoam endala isetyenziswa njengento ekrwada.
I-NihotNihot ivelisa oomatshini bokuhlela inkunkuma abanokwahlula amasuntswana enkunkuma ngeqondo eliphezulu kakhulu lokuchaneka phakathi kwe-95% kunye ne-98%.Lonke uhlobo lwento, ukusuka kwiglasi kunye neengceba zobutyobo ukuya kwiiseramics, linoxinaniso lwalo kunye nemisinga yomoya elawulwayo esetyenziselwa ukuhlula ibangela ukuba iqhekeza ngalinye liphele namanye amasuntswana ohlobo olufanayo.I-Nihot yakha iiyunithi ezinkulu, ezimileyo, kunye nezincinci, iiyunithi eziphathwayo ezifana ne-SDS entsha 500 kunye ne-650 yezahluli zegubu elinye.Ukulungeleka kwezi yunithi kubenza balungele ukusebenza kwisiza, njengaxa kudilizwa isakhiwo esineflethi, kuba i-debris ingahlelwa kwisiza kunokuba ithuthelwe ukusetyenzwa kofakelo.
Oorhulumente be-Vista-Online, ukusuka kuzwelonke ukuya kwingingqi, bamisela iimfuno zemeko yeendawo zoluntu kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwinkunkuma kunye namanzi ogutyulo ukuya kumkhenkce ezindleleni.Inkampani yaseDatshi iVista-Online inikezela ngezixhobo ezenza kube lula kwaye kukhawuleze ukujonga ukuthotyelwa kwezi mfuno.Abahloli banikwa i-smart phone ukuchaza imeko yesiza ngexesha langempela.Idatha ithunyelwa kumncedisi kwaye iya kubonakala ngokukhawuleza kwiwebhusayithi yeVista-Online apho umthengi unikwa ikhowudi yokufikelela ekhethekileyo.Idatha ke ifumaneka ngokukhawuleza kwaye icwangciswe ngokucacileyo, kwaye ukudibanisa ixesha elide lokufunyaniswa kokuhlolwa akusekho mfuneko.Ngaphezu koko, ukuhlolwa kwe-intanethi kuthintela iindleko kunye nexesha elifunekayo ukuseka inkqubo ye-ICT.IVista-Online isebenzela abasemagunyeni basekhaya nabesizwe eNetherlands naphesheya, kuquka iManchester Airport Authority eUK.
I-BollegraafPre-inkunkuma yokuhlela ivakala njengengcamango enkulu, kodwa isixa sothutho olongezelelweyo sinokuba lukhulu.Ukunyuka kweendleko zamafutha kunye neendlela ezixineneyo kugxininisa ukungeloncedo kwaloo nkqubo.Ngoko ke i-Bollegraaf yazisa isisombululo e-US, kwaye kutshanje eYurophu ngokunjalo: ukuhlelwa komjelo omnye.Yonke inkunkuma eyomileyo – iphepha, iglasi, iitoti, iiplastiki kunye nepakethe yetetra – inokufakwa kwindawo yokuhlela yomlambo omnye weBollegraaf kunye.Ngaphezulu kwe-95% yenkunkuma iye yahlulwa ngokuzenzekelayo kusetyenziswa indibaniselwano yobugcisa obahlukeneyo.Ukudibanisa obu buchwepheshe bukhoyo kwiziko elinye yinto eyenza iyunithi yokuhlela yomlambo omnye ibe yodwa.Iyunithi inomthamo weetoni ezingama-40 (iitoni ezingama-36.3) ngeyure.Xa ebuzwa ukuba uBollegraaf weza njani nombono, umlawuli kunye nomninimzi uHeiman Bollegraaf uthi: 'Sasabela kwimfuno kwimarike.Ukusukela ngoko, siye sabonelela ngeeyunithi ezingama-50 zokuhlela umsinga omnye e-US, kwaye mva nje senza i-European debut yethu, eNgilani.Siye satyikitya nezivumelwano nabathengi baseFransi naseOstreliya.'
Ixesha lokuposa: Epreli-29-2019