Mabokosi a makatoni ndi mtundu wa chidebe chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika, kutumiza, ndikusungira zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagulitsidwa kwa ogula kapena malonda kumabizinesi.Mabokosi a makatoni ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuyika kapena kuyika zinthu, zomwe zimaphunzira momwe angatetezere bwino katundu panthawi yotumizidwa pomwe amatha kukumana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana monga kugwedezeka kwamakina, kugwedezeka, ndi njinga zamoto, kutchulapo zochepa. .Akatswiri opanga ma paketi amaphunzira momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira komanso mapangidwe ake kuti achepetse zovuta zomwe zimayembekezeredwa pazinthu zomwe zikusungidwa kapena kutumizidwa.
Kuchokera pamabokosi osungira oyambira mpaka makhadi amitundu yambiri, makatoni amapezeka mosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe.Mawu akuti zinthu zolemera kwambiri zopangidwa ndi mapepala, makatoni amatha kukhala njira zopangira komanso zokongoletsa, ndipo chifukwa chake, zitha kupezeka m'magwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana.Chifukwa makatoni sakutanthauza zinthu zina za makatoni koma gulu la zipangizo, ndizothandiza kuziganizira motsatira magulu atatu osiyana: mapepala, mapepala opangidwa ndi malata, ndi makadi.
Bukuli lipereka zambiri pamitundu ikuluikulu ya makatoni ndikupereka zitsanzo zingapo za mtundu uliwonse.Kuphatikiza apo, kuwunikanso njira zopangira makatoni kumaperekedwa.
Kuti mumve zambiri zamitundu ina yamabokosi, onani Buku lathu la Thomas Buying pa Mabokosi.Kuti mudziwe zambiri zamitundu ina yamapaketi, onani Buku lathu la Thomas Buying pa Mitundu Yakuyika.
Paperboard nthawi zambiri imakhala mainchesi 0.010 mu makulidwe kapena kuchepera ndipo imakhala yokhuthala kwambiri pamapepala wamba.Njira yopangira imayamba ndi pulping, kulekanitsa nkhuni (hardwood ndi sapwood) kukhala ulusi pawokha, monga momwe zimakwaniritsidwira ndi njira zamakina kapena mankhwala.
Kugwetsa nkhuni kumaphatikizapo kugaya nkhuni pansi pogwiritsa ntchito silicon carbide kapena aluminiyamu oxide kuti agwetse nkhuni ndikulekanitsa ulusi.Chemical pulping imayambitsa chigawo cha mankhwala ku nkhuni pa kutentha kwakukulu, zomwe zimaphwanya ulusi umene umangiriza cellulose pamodzi.Pali mitundu pafupifupi khumi ndi itatu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakina ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku US
Kupanga mapepala, bleached kapena unbleached kraft process ndi semichemical process ndi mitundu iwiri ya pulping yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.Njira za Kraft zimapindula pogwiritsa ntchito osakaniza a sodium hydroxide ndi sodium sulfate kuti alekanitse ulusi womwe umalumikiza cellulose.Ngati ndondomekoyi ndi bleach, mankhwala owonjezera, monga ma surfactants ndi defoamers, amawonjezeredwa kuti apititse patsogolo ntchitoyo komanso kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yabwino.Mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa amatha kuyimitsa mtundu wakuda wa zamkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zina.
Njira za Semichemical zimachitira matabwa ndi mankhwala, monga sodium carbonate kapena sodium sulfate, ndiye amayenga nkhuni pogwiritsa ntchito makina.Njirayi ndi yocheperapo kuposa momwe amapangira mankhwala chifukwa samaphwanya kwathunthu ulusi womwe umamanga mapadi ndipo imatha kuchitika potentha komanso pansi pamikhalidwe yocheperako.
Pamene kukoka kwatsika nkhuni kukhala ulusi wa matabwa, zamkati zomwe zimatuluka zimayalidwa pa lamba wosuntha.Madzi amachotsedwa mu kusakaniza ndi nthunzi wachilengedwe ndi vacuum, ndipo ulusiwo umakanikizidwa kuti aphatikizidwe ndi kuchotsa chinyezi china chilichonse.Pambuyo kukanikiza, zamkati zimatenthedwa ndi nthunzi pogwiritsa ntchito zodzigudubuza, ndipo utomoni wowonjezera kapena wowuma umawonjezeredwa pakufunika.Zodzigudubuza zingapo zomwe zimatchedwa kuti kalendala zimagwiritsiridwa ntchito kusalaza ndi kutsiriza mapepala omaliza.
Paperboard imayimira zinthu zopangidwa ndi mapepala zomwe ndi zokhuthala kuposa mapepala osinthika omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba.Kukula kowonjezera kumawonjezera kulimba ndikulola kuti zinthuzo zigwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mabokosi ndi mitundu ina yapaketi yomwe ndi yopepuka komanso yoyenera kunyamula mitundu yambiri yazogulitsa.Zitsanzo zina zamabokosi a mapepala ndi awa:
Ophika buledi amagwiritsa ntchito mabokosi a makeke ndi mabokosi a makeke (omwe amadziwika kuti mabokosi ophika buledi) popangira zinthu zophikidwa m'nyumba kuti ziperekedwe kwa makasitomala.
Mabokosi a phala ndi zakudya ndi mtundu wamba wamabokosi a mapepala, omwe amadziwikanso kuti boxboard, omwe amanyamula tirigu, pasitala, ndi zakudya zambiri zosinthidwa.
Malo ogulitsa mankhwala ndi ogulitsa mankhwala amagulitsa zinthu zomwe zili m'mabokosi a mankhwala ndi zimbudzi, monga sopo, mafuta odzola, ma shampoos, ndi zina.
Mabokosi amphatso ndi mabokosi a malaya ndi zitsanzo za mabokosi a mapepala opinda kapena mabokosi ogonja, omwe amatumizidwa mosavuta ndi kusungidwa mochulukira akakulungidwa pansi, ndipo amasonkhanitsidwanso mwamsanga kukhala mawonekedwe ogwiritsidwa ntchito pakufunika.
Nthawi zambiri, bokosi la mapepala ndilo gawo loyamba loyikapo (monga ndi mabokosi ophika mkate.) Nthawi zina, bokosi la mapepala limayimira zoyikapo zakunja, ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitetezedwenso (monga mabokosi a ndudu kapena mankhwala ndi chimbudzi. mabokosi).
Fiberboard yokhala ndi malata ndi yomwe munthu amatchula akamagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "makatoni," ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabokosi a malata osiyanasiyana.Zida za fiberboard zomata zimakhala ndi zigawo zingapo zamapepala, nthawi zambiri zigawo ziwiri zakunja ndi wosanjikiza wamkati wamalata.Komabe, mkati mwa malata nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi mtundu wina wa zamkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale pepala locheperako lomwe siliyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamapepala ambiri koma ndilabwino kupangira corrugating, chifukwa limatha kuganiza mawonekedwe opindika.
Njira yopangira makatoni opangidwa ndi malata imagwiritsa ntchito makola, makina omwe amathandizira kuti zinthuzo zitheke popanda kugwedezeka ndipo zimatha kuthamanga kwambiri.Chosanjikiza chamalata, chotchedwa sing'anga, chimatengera mawonekedwe opindika kapena owumbidwa pamene amatenthedwa, kunyowa, ndikupangidwa ndi mawilo.Chomatira, chomwe chimakhala ndi wowuma, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza sing'anga kupita kumodzi mwa zigawo ziwiri zakunja zamapepala.
Zigawo ziwiri zakunja za pepala, zomwe zimatchedwa linerboards, zimanyowetsedwa kotero kuti kulumikiza zigawozo kumakhala kosavuta panthawi yopanga.Akapangidwa chomaliza chopangidwa ndi fiberboard, gawo lawo limayanika ndikukanikizidwa ndi mbale zotentha.
Mabokosi a malata ndi mtundu wokhazikika wa makatoni omwe amapangidwa ndi malata.Izi zimakhala ndi pepala lopukutidwa pakati pa zigawo ziwiri zakunja za mapepala ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mabokosi otumizira ndi mabokosi osungiramo zinthu chifukwa cha kulimba kwawo poyerekeza ndi mabokosi opangidwa ndi mapepala.
Mabokosi opangidwa ndi zitoliro amadziwika ndi mbiri yawo ya chitoliro, yomwe ndi kalata yochokera ku A mpaka F. Mbiri ya chitoliro imayimira makulidwe a khoma la bokosilo ndipo imakhalanso muyeso wa luso la stacking ndi mphamvu yonse ya bokosi.
Chikhalidwe china cha mabokosi a malata chimaphatikizapo mtundu wa bolodi, womwe ukhoza kukhala nkhope imodzi, khoma limodzi, khoma lawiri, kapena khoma la katatu.
Bolodi la nkhope imodzi ndi pepala limodzi lotsatiridwa mbali imodzi ndi zitoliro zamalata, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chokulunga.Bolodi limodzi la khoma limapangidwa ndi zitoliro zamalata zomwe gawo limodzi la pepala latsatiridwa mbali zonse.Khoma lawiri ndi magawo awiri a zitoliro zamalata ndi zigawo zitatu zamapepala.Mofananamo, khoma la katatu ndi magawo atatu a zitoliro ndi zigawo zinayi za mapepala.
Anti-Static Corrugated Boxes amathandizira kuyang'anira kukhudzidwa kwa magetsi osasunthika.Static ndi mtundu wamagetsi amagetsi omwe amatha kuwunjikana ngati palibe potulukira magetsi.Pamene ma static achuluka, zoyambitsa pang'ono zimatha kuchititsa kuti magetsi azidutsa.Ngakhale zolipiritsa zokhazikika zitha kukhala zazing'ono, zimatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zosafunikira kapena zowononga pazinthu zina, makamaka zamagetsi.Kuti mupewe izi, zida zogwirira ntchito zoperekedwa kumayendedwe amagetsi ndi kusungirako ziyenera kusanjidwa kapena kupangidwa ndi mankhwala odana ndi static kapena zinthu.
Malipiro amagetsi osasunthika amapangidwa pamene zida za insulator zikakumana.Ma insulators ndi zida kapena zida zomwe sizimayendetsa magetsi.Chitsanzo chabwino cha izi ndi mphira wa baluni.Baluni yofukizidwa ikapakidwa pamalo ena otsekereza, ngati kapeti, magetsi osasunthika amamanga mozungulira buluniyo, chifukwa kukangana kumayambitsa mtengo ndipo palibe potulukira.Izi zimatchedwa triboelectric effect.
Mphezi ndi chitsanzo china, chochititsa chidwi kwambiri cha kuchuluka kwa magetsi osasunthika ndikumasulidwa.Chiphunzitso chodziwika bwino cha kulengedwa kwa mphezi chimanena kuti mitambo ikugundana wina ndi mzake ndikusakanikirana imapanga magetsi amphamvu pakati pawo.Mamolekyu amadzi ndi madzi oundana m'mitambo amasinthanitsa magetsi abwino ndi oipa, omwe amayendetsedwa ndi mphepo ndi mphamvu yokoka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi achuluke.Kuthekera kwa magetsi ndi liwu lotanthauza sikelo ya mphamvu yamagetsi pa malo operekedwa.Mphamvu yamagetsi ikafika pakuchulukira, gawo lamagetsi limayamba kukhala lalikulu kwambiri kuti silingasunthike, ndipo magawo otsatizana a mpweya amasinthidwa kukhala ma conductor amagetsi mwachangu kwambiri.Zotsatira zake, mphamvu yamagetsi imatuluka m'malo a conductor awa ngati mphezi.
Kwenikweni, magetsi osasunthika pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zikuyenda pang'ono, pang'onopang'ono kwambiri.Pamene makatoni amanyamulidwa, amayamba kukangana akakumana ndi zida zogwirira ntchito monga mashelufu kapena ma lift, komanso makatoni ena ozungulira.Pamapeto pake, mphamvu yamagetsi imafika pakuchulukira, ndipo kukangana kumayambitsa danga la kondakitala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale phokoso.Zamagetsi mkati mwa katoni zimatha kuwonongeka ndi zotulutsa izi.
Pali ntchito zosiyanasiyana za zida ndi zida zotsutsana ndi static, ndipo chifukwa chake, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida ndi zida izi.Njira ziwiri zodziwika bwino zopangira chinthu kukhala chosasunthika ndi anti-static chemical coating kapena anti-static sheet sheet.Kuphatikiza apo, makatoni ena osasamalidwa amangokutidwa ndi zinthu zotsutsana ndi ma static mkati, ndipo zida zonyamulidwa zimazunguliridwa ndi zinthu zoyendetsera izi, kuziteteza ku zomanga zilizonse zamakatoni.
Anti-static mankhwala nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza organic mankhwala ndi zinthu conductive kapena conductive polima zowonjezera.Zopopera zosavuta zotsutsana ndi static ndi zokutira ndizotsika mtengo komanso zotetezeka, choncho zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza makatoni.Anti-static kupopera ndi zokutira kumaphatikizapo kuchititsa ma polima osakaniza ndi zosungunulira za madzi osakaniza ndi mowa.Pambuyo ntchito, zosungunulira nthunzi, ndi zotsalira ndi conductive.Chifukwa chakuti pamwamba ndi ma conductive, palibe static buildup akakumana ndi mikangano yofala pogwira ntchito.
Njira zina zotetezera zipangizo zamabokosi kuti zisamangidwe ndizomwe zimapangidwira.Mabokosi a makatoni amatha kuyikidwa mkati ndi anti-static sheet kapena zinthu za board kuti ateteze zamkati kumavuto aliwonse amagetsi osasunthika.Zomangira izi zitha kupangidwa ndi thovu lochititsa chidwi kapena zida za polima ndipo zitha kusindikizidwa mkati mwa makatoni kapena kupangidwa ngati zoyika zochotseka.
Mabokosi amakalata amapezeka ku positi ofesi ndi malo ena otumizira ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga zinthu zomwe zimayenera kutumizidwa kudzera pamakalata ndi ntchito zina zonyamula katundu.
Mabokosi osuntha amapangidwa kuti azisunga zinthu kwakanthawi kudzera pagalimoto panthawi yakusintha kwanyumba kapena kusamukira ku nyumba yatsopano kapena malo.
Mabokosi ambiri a pizza amapangidwa ndi malata kuti apereke chitetezo pamayendedwe ndi kubereka, komanso kuti athe kusungitsa maoda omaliza omwe akuyembekezera kutengedwa.
Mabokosi okhala ndi sera ndi mabokosi opaka malata omwe adayikidwa kapena wokutidwa ndi sera ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza zoziziritsa kukhosi kapena kuyika zinthuzo ngati zikuyembekezeka kusungidwa mufiriji kwa nthawi yayitali.Kupaka sera kumagwira ntchito ngati chotchinga choteteza katoni kuti isawonongeke ndi madzi monga madzi oundana.Zinthu zowonongeka monga nsomba zam'nyanja, nyama, ndi nkhuku nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa m'mabokosi amtunduwu.
Mtundu woonda kwambiri wa makatoni, makhadi akadali ochuluka kuposa mapepala ambiri olembera koma amatha kupindika.Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake, kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m’mapositikhadi, m’mabuku akukutoma, ndi m’mabuku ena akuchikuto chofewa.Mitundu yambiri yamakhadi amabizinesi amapangidwanso kuchokera ku makhadi chifukwa ndi olimba mokwanira kukana kuvala ndi kung'ambika komwe kungawononge mapepala achikhalidwe.Kulemera kwa makadi kumakambidwa potengera kulemera kwa pounds, komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kulemera kwa 500, 20 inchi ndi mapepala 26-inchi amtundu wina wa katundu wa khadi.Njira yopangira makatoni ndi yofanana ndi mapepala.
Nkhaniyi idapereka chidule cha mitundu yodziwika bwino ya makatoni, komanso chidziwitso chokhudza njira zopangira zomwe zimagwirizana ndi katoni.Kuti mumve zambiri pamitu yowonjezera, funsani maupangiri athu ena kapena pitani ku Thomas Supplier Discovery Platform kuti mupeze komwe kungapezeke kapena muwone zambiri pazogulitsa zinazake.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-10-2019